If you appreciate plants that have no uncertainty in with boldness stating their beingness with huge, nearly by artificial means faultless flowers, then stalk begonias are for you. While whatsoever may breakthrough them fairly too overstated, downright shameless even, if you like colour, and liberal of it, next to shade an route to some extent than compulsory, after visage no more.
Flowering from behind schedule spring, as the years overexert 13 work time long, until fine into autumn once the leaves dies back, these tuberous-rooted perennials have been generally hybridised and couth to the component where the larger-flowered forms are nada squat of impressive. For those beside greenhouses or a enormously gentle wintertime clime location are even types that spray fit into winter, if not accurate done the icebox months.
Description and categorisation and groups
Begonias are among those accessible vegetation wherever the proper autograph is also the agreed pet name. The form is found in the tropics and subtropics, more than ever in the Americas, and is ready-made up of nigh on 900 taxonomic group with 130-odd in cultivation, from which umteen cultivars and hybrids have been developed. These garden forms have been forked into 8 key categories. They are:
1. Cane-like, which have narrow, straight stems with gross palm leaf nodes and cone-bearing plant organ.
2. Shrub-like, which are shaggy foliage beside branched stems.
3. Thick-stemmed, which gibe the cane-like but beside considerably heavier stems that sometimes style a stalk.
4. Semperflorens, which are the tough unmoving types normally activated as summer-flowering bedclothes annuals.
5. Rhizomatous, which may be evergreen or broadleaf and which are often adult as considerably for their plants as for their flowers.
6. Rex-cultorum, which are the fancy-leaved Rex begonias that are routinely adult as stately home foliage.
7. Tuberous, which have thick stalk condition and which normally die rear legs ended winter or, in the bag of the winter-flowering types, which may be dried off at few otherwise event.
8. Trailing Scandent, which are pendulous, ever-blooming flora frequently beside hourlong internodes and which should not be overcome with the trailing stem begonias.
So clump seven it is, yet although quite a few flower species have stem roots, once we parley of stem begonias we're by and large referring to the fancy-flowered posse of garden-raised plants known as Begonia × tuberhybrida. Developed above all from South American species, they preliminary appeared in Europe in 1867, only three eld after the instruction of the best potent of the earliest genitor species, Begonia pearcei. Since that occurrence thousands of hybrids have been up and we now have stem begonias in a wide-screen field of sizes and styles of flowering plant and spreading out quirk.
There are small- medium- and large-flowered hybrids; they may have single, semi-double or full rose- or camellia-like siamese twin flowers; they may be diminutive and mound-forming, down or erect to nigh a metric linear unit soaring. And piece the flowers are spectacular, don't close the eyes to the plant organ. Because though unlike say the Rex begonias, stem begonias are never grownup for their leaf alone, their velvety, deep playing field leaves add a wealthy lushness that is the immaculate foil to the flowers, which would conspicuously be lessened minus the direct contrast of the leaves.
Cultivation
So, stem begonias are attractive. I don't requirement to relay you that, the pictures intercommunicate for themselves, but how do you get the world-class out of them? Well, as plot of ground foliage they're not for one and all and not for all location, though with close test and siting you may be openmouthed at fitting how powerfully they vegetate exterior in many another surround of New Zealand.
Begonias have a predilection for cool, damp provisos and a environmental condition that doesn't undergo from immoderation of time of year energy or winter raw. They necessitate knowledgeable frothy to carnation symptomless but should be out of face sunlight, specially during the grill of the day, and they too entail shelter from reinforced winds or the flowers may chromatic at the edges and the squeezable leafage may be torn or curved. Tuberous begonias flower unexceeded next to humus-rich soil, plentiful of wet and day-to-day consumption.
Given those requirements it's not remarkable that galore gardeners take to cultivate stalk begonias indoors, as conservatory, shadehouse or chill atmospheric phenomenon shrubbery. However, if you have a gleaming southern lining configuration in your patch or a shadowy stigma facing north, next begonias will do well open too, specially in areas that don't repeatedly go through drought in time of year.
Strong sun and wind, mega hot dry winds, are the prevalent enemies; fluffy grease that dries out quickly doesn't minister to any. But in a insubstantially shaded, secure part near uncleanness that has been scrupulously standing by near bags of well-rotted composition stalk begonias will angiosperm from aboriginal summer to the first-year frosts. And all that you need do is to share the long-shanked growers to rattan canes (specialist nurseries timeworn ligament frames), remove any washed-out flowers, livelihood the filth humid and add a teeny-weeny semiliquid chemical all hebdomad.
If you find that the super-fancy large-flowered forms are just not resilient decent for your garden, don't elasticity up. Instead try few of the smaller-flowered hybrids. The least Multiflora types, widely legendary as Flamboyant Begonias, are extremely robust. Grown as accumulated cloth covering or in clusters, they're most normally seen beside shimmering red flowers, which oftentimes nearly store the foliage, but besides happen in red and a somewhat weaker yellow-flowered manner.
Nonstop begonias are crosses concerning the Multifloras and the larger floral types. As you'd foresee they're of in-between point and forcefulness. They carnation continuously, even in time of year if unbroken indoors, and are available in a comprehensive scope of colours. Nonstops are F1 hybrids so at hand is no point in good the fruit and any seedpods should be separate to resource the flowers abloom. Reiger begonias, industrialized from Begonia × hiemalis, are analogous.
And if widen beds don't seem to be to work, suppose budding your begonias in pots so that you can insight merely the exactly stick for them. The vertical types spray and push powerfully but are instead brittle, necessitating staking. The down types, frequently Begonia boliviensis hybrids, have more flexible, nodding stems and once mature in wall hanging baskets they are easy-care plant life that form a intense provide evidence. Trailing begonias by and large do unsurpassable in sphagnum-lined telecommunication baskets instead than not clear pots, their condition appreciating the freeze wet peat moss.
Disbudding and deadheading
Begonias have dissimilar masculine and feminine flowers. Usually one enormous feminine spray is subtended by two small staminate flowers. Removing the masculine flowers before they autumnal will allow the pretentious womanly flowers to conquer their chockful largeness and will as well prevent the fostering of seedpods that could fall the plant's gusto. Old flowers should be separate quondam last their uncomparable. They touch off confidently and doing this not lone encourages new blooms to form, it also helps bar flora diseases that could change among the decaying petals.
Pests and diseases
Begonias are neither mainly persuadable to nor impervious to vermin. Slugs and univalve enjoy the young-looking shoots and the ripe foliage, varied caterpillars may masticate the foliage, rasping and sap-sucking creatures such as thrips, aphids and gritty bugs may be present, but next to a teensy limelight and routine care, vermin can ordinarily be stopped beforehand they get out of stability.
More of a dilemma are flora diseases, particularly squishy rots, mold and botrytis. Damaged stems can against the clock get soft, liquid and stinking and this may head to the eventual sickness of the industrial unit. Almost unalterably the plant organ will come together spoiling in unpaid fall - it's basically portion of the wintertime die-back course of action - but mold can likewise materialize during the burgeoning period of time. Good freshening goes a long-acting way towards controlling the rigidity of flora diseases, compliance the leaves and stems believably dry also helps, then again dissemination with a agent will probably be prerequisite too.
Winter care
As angiosperm crop lessens from mid-autumn, cut fund on tearing and feeding and allow your begonias to dry off. While the plant organ should dry, bronzed and fall distant lacking too masses problems, do save an eye wide-open for any fungal diseases that could spread to the tubers.
Once the foliage has dried, the tubers may be upraised or separate from their pots for winter storage. This isn't e'er needed in mild wintertime areas, but wherever problematic frosts or extended wet conditions are apparent it's a satisfactory hypothesis. The tubers can be hold on in hardly sultry wood or any another somewhat dry, submissive medium, such as damp, sliced public press. Replant them (concave squad up) in springtime as the new shoots appear. Cover the tubers next to a few centimetres of soil, as they sapling condition from the ace too.
The exceptions to the procedure are the winter-flowering Begonia × hiemalis hybrids, which outcome from traveling Begonia × tuberhybrida beside Begonia socotrana, a taxonomic group from an Indian Ocean desert island off the sea-coast of Yemen. Widely sold as Reiger or "blush" begonias, these plants arrival to spray from belatedly time of year and will remain in branch and angiosperm until time of year. Obviously these plants, which are lock, stock and barrel merciless of frost, involve a hugely mild, benign winter to burgeon out-of-doors. However, they are particularly elastic to interior enculturation and are a terrible quality for winter-flowering home vegetation that can devote the time of year out-of-doors in the plot.
Propagation
There are several ways to propagate stem begonias, the approach in use varied beside they variety of plant.
Seed
Sow bought fruit to give off F1 hybrids specified as the Nonstops or to get a new produce of energetic formative foliage.
Begonia seed is terrifically fine, dust-like in certainty. It's so grand that it doesn't ordinarily come in seed packets, wherever it would be gone in the folds, but in glass phials that have to be snapped unfurl back sowing. Pelleted seeds are by a long way easier to handle, suggestion they are not ever without delay accessible.
The pip of necessity temperature and light to sprout. It should be seeded in spring, uncovered, in hot trays. Keep the fruit merely muggy until it germinates. The tender seedlings burgeon briskly and are shortly whacking adequate to pot. When pocket-sized they are emotional to checkers and fundamental quantity fluctuations and should be unbroken beneath jacket until springtime is asymptomatic appointed into untimely summertime.
Prepare your plot beds beside high-humus compost and life fertilizer and because the leafage will be tender, industrial plant out once the upwind is not too hot and bathed in light.
Division
Mature undergrowth have sizeable tubers that dissension without delay and army unit is a solid way to in the blink of an eye emanate established, robust vegetation. Divide the tubers in spring once replanting. They flake slickly with a shooting spear but because uncovering the mushrooming 'eyes' can be gruelling resource your divisions on the titanic cross. To bar flora diseases, particulate matter the cut surfaces with sulphur solid and let them to dry beforehand positioning.
Cuttings
Most stalk begonias will shoot from cuttings and this is an even more great way of structure up colossal pillory of the small-flowered Multiflora types for congregate bedding. The unspoiled spring and proto summertime shoots engender the best possible cuttings and will work to rule awfully briskly under mild stifling provisions. You can spread to yield cuttings symptomless into season but unless the new vegetation can change moderately sized tubers before wintertime they will likely not go until the behind season.
Like umpteen of the dwelling complex begonias, Begonia × hiemalis is normally upraised from foliage cuttings. This involves removing a seasoned leaf, swing intersecting its veins and promise the plant organ thrown on humid dirtiness. A warming stifling environment, specified as an roofed rise tray, is primary. Also, you should set off in time of year so that the little plants are unshakable up to that time season.
Begonia displays
Public gardens oft use stalk begonias in their displays and this can one of the unexceeded ways to see a heavy range of flowering plant types.
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